But wherever you live, being more active will be beneficial. Research shows that exercise can increase your chance of living to healthy old age by reducing your risk of issues such as:
- Heart disease
- Cancer
- Type 2 diabetes
How can you become more active? An easy way to start is to note down your weekly routine and then look for places where you could add some more activity. Can you walk somewhere you usually drive to? Aim for three to five moderate cardiovascular activities each week.
Resistance training is advisable too, says NHS GP and personal trainer Dr Amos Ogunkoya. It will boost your bones as well as strengthening your muscles. “Frailty is amenable to change and with structured care, you can reverse it,” he says.
“It doesn’t have to be an inevitable part of ageing; instead, we should view it as a challenge that we can overcome,” he adds. Lifting dumbbells, tins of baked beans or your own body weight on an exercise ball all increases muscle strength.
When it comes to what you’re eating, opt for whole, seasonal foods wherever possible. And wherever you live in the UK, take inspiration from the Mediterranean diet, by adding more fruit and vegetables, pulses, olive oil and wholegrains. Research has shown that people who stick to this diet, or a similar pattern of eating, can increase your life expectancy.
Healthy life expectancy and life expectancy are from the Office for National Statistics. The Telegraph’s six health lifestyle indicators are from various sources.
In some cases, where local authorities have merged since the last time the data was collected, an average has been taken for the composite local authorities:
- Smoking: for adult current smokers: Office for National Statistics, 2022.
- Overweight: proportion of adults overweight or obese according to Body Mass Index (BMI). Office for Health Improvement and Disparities (England, 2022), National Survey for Wales (Wales, 2021), Scottish Health Survey (Scotland, 2019) and Health survey Northern Ireland (Northern Ireland, 2019). Northern Ireland’s data is for Health and Social Care Trusts, applied to the nearest local authority.
- Alcohol mortality: age-standardised alcohol-specific deaths per 100,000 people. Office for Health Improvement and Disparities (England, 2022), Office for National Statistics (Wales, 2021), National Records of Scotland (2022). Scotland’s data is a five-year average. Wales does not have local authority breakdowns, so cross-Wales figures are applied to all local authorities.
- Child poverty: proportion of children under 16 living in absolute poverty. Department for Work & Pensions and Office for National Statistics.
- Cancer incidence: age-standardised cancer incidence excluding skin cancer per 100,000 people. Public Health Wales (Wales, 2018-2023 average), Public Health Scotland (Scotland, 2016-2021 average) and Queen’s University Belfast (Northern Ireland, 2015-2019 average). England data is from NHS Digital at the Integrated Care Board level. Cancer incidence rates between men and women have been averaged for England and rates have been applied to the closest local authority area. Scotland’s data is for health boards and applied to the closest local authority, with some local authorities having no data.
- Self-described health: proportion of adults in self-described bad or very bad health. Census 2021 for England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Census 2011 for Scotland.